Stateless people in a multinational state: the case of the Basques

Raphael Tsavkko Garcia
12 min readDec 16, 2021
Razpotja 44

This article was originally published in the Slovenian magazine Razpotja, in Slovenian (translated by Luka Lisjak) as “Narod brez države v večnarodni državi: primer Baskov.” Here’s the full version in English.

Before the idea of Nation-States was born — commonly associated with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, but with greater traction after the…

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Raphael Tsavkko Garcia

Journalist, PhD in Human Rights (University of Deusto). MA in Communication Sciences, BA in International Relations. www.tsavkko.com.br